Who are the berber ? and what is the deffirent between berber and amazigh ?
Berber Or Amazigh People! It is generally held that the Berbers are the primitive population of North Africa, by which is meant the population that inhabited the region stretching from Egypt to Morocco before the invasion of the Arabs in the seventh century. But since when were the Berbers there? And where did they come from?
It is difficult to answer these questions. Even the origin of the word berber is obscure. For a long time, it was assumed that the word was derived from the Latin barbarus, a term by which the Romans designated uncivilized peoples, that is to say non-Romans. After the Roman colonization, the name would have died in use among the civilized inhabitants of the Punic, Roman and Byzantine cities, to be then taken over by the Arab occupier from the Vir or the VIII century. But the word Berber is nowhere used in Latin sources to specifically designate North Africans.
In the sources of the European Mediterranean, the Maghreb is called Barbarie from the 14th century. And the name Berber was widely used among Arab writers of the Middle Ages. The Berbers themselves did not use this denomination. In the absence of a single nation and language, the Berbers call themselves by several names, the best known of which is Amazigh, Tamazight in the feminine, Imazighen in the plural. This expression is very common among the Berbers of the Moroccan Middle Atlas. In the North (Rify) and the South (Sous), the word is also known, but it mainly refers to the language. The Tuaregs of Algeria, Mali and Niger used phonetic variants: amahegh in Hoggar and Ajjer , Amajegh in Niger and Mali, Amashegh in the lfoghas. The term is also unity in some Berber-speaking oasis in Tunisia, in the Djebel Nefousa located in western Libya and in southern Tunisia, in South Oranais Algerian in Tidikelt and Gourara. The term is not used in the important Berber regions of Kabylia, Mzab and Aurès (Algeria).
There is no doubt that the word Amazigh dates back to the distant past. The Egyptians knew the people who were so called by the name of Mashwesh. The Greek historian Herodotus (5th century BC) called the Libyan tribes the Maxyes. Other authors of antiquity speak of the Mazyes, Mazaces, Mazices, etc. The differences stem from the phonetic transcription of unknown sounds in Greek and Latin (sh/gh). Classical authors locate these tribes in various regions of the Maghreb. Although the Berbers undertook countless migrations over the past two millennium, this location coincides with the current situation.
Amazigh etymology is still imprecise. In some Tuareg groups, the word designates a free man, as opposed to a serf. Dozens of modern authors have taken up this explanation. However, with this version, the Tuaregs are only reinterpreting their ethnic name in order to distinguish themselves from the slave caste. Current linguistics teaches us that Amazigh is a derivative of the root Z-gh, a lexeme which has disappeared from current Berber languages and whose content remains a mystery for the moment. As part of their politico-cultural awareness of Arab nationalism in the Maghreb states today, the Berbers are trying to generalize the use of the term Amazigh instead of Berber, which for many of them evokes them the memory of colonization and of the European definition of local entities
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